/*
Copyright The ORAS Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package oras

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"reflect"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go"
	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/content"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/content/memory"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/errdef"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/internal/spec"
)

func Test_Pack_Artifact_NoOption(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// prepare test content
	blobs := []ocispec.Descriptor{
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("hello world")),
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("goodbye world")),
	}
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"

	// test Pack
	ctx := context.Background()
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, artifactType, blobs, PackOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	// verify blobs
	var manifest spec.Artifact
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Blobs, blobs) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", manifest.Blobs, blobs)
	}

	// verify media type
	if got := manifest.MediaType; got != spec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest {
		t.Fatalf("got media type = %s, want %s", got, spec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest)
	}

	// verify artifact type
	if got := manifest.ArtifactType; got != artifactType {
		t.Fatalf("got artifact type = %s, want %s", got, artifactType)
	}

	// verify created time annotation
	createdTime, ok := manifest.Annotations[spec.AnnotationArtifactCreated]
	if !ok {
		t.Errorf("Annotation %s = %v, want %v", spec.AnnotationArtifactCreated, ok, true)
	}
	_, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, createdTime)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("error parsing created time: %s, error = %v", createdTime, err)
	}

	// verify descriptor artifact type
	if want := manifest.ArtifactType; !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc.ArtifactType, want) {
		t.Errorf("got descriptor artifactType = %v, want %v", manifestDesc.ArtifactType, want)
	}

	// verify descriptor annotations
	if want := manifest.Annotations; !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc.Annotations, want) {
		t.Errorf("got descriptor annotations = %v, want %v", manifestDesc.Annotations, want)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_Artifact_WithOptions(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// prepare test content
	blobs := []ocispec.Descriptor{
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("hello world")),
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("goodbye world")),
	}

	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	annotations := map[string]string{
		spec.AnnotationArtifactCreated: "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z",
		"foo":                          "bar",
	}
	subjectManifest := []byte(`{"layers":[]}`)
	subjectDesc := ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType:    ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Digest:       digest.FromBytes(subjectManifest),
		Size:         int64(len(subjectManifest)),
		ArtifactType: artifactType,
		Annotations:  annotations,
	}
	configBytes := []byte("{}")
	configDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("application/vnd.test.config", configBytes)
	configAnnotations := map[string]string{"foo": "bar"}

	// test Pack
	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackOptions{
		Subject:             &subjectDesc,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
		ConfigDescriptor:    &configDesc,       // should not work
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations, // should not work
	}
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, artifactType, blobs, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	expectedManifest := spec.Artifact{
		MediaType:    spec.MediaTypeArtifactManifest,
		ArtifactType: artifactType,
		Blobs:        blobs,
		Subject:      opts.Subject,
		Annotations:  annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err := json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	// verify manifest
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err := io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", got, expectedManifestBytes)
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.ArtifactType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("Pack() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_Artifact_NoBlob(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// test Pack
	ctx := context.Background()
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, artifactType, nil, PackOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest spec.Artifact
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify blobs
	var expectedBlobs []ocispec.Descriptor
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Blobs, expectedBlobs) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", manifest.Blobs, expectedBlobs)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_Artifact_NoArtifactType(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, "", nil, PackOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest spec.Artifact
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify artifact type
	if manifestDesc.ArtifactType != MediaTypeUnknownArtifact {
		t.Fatalf("got artifact type = %s, want %s", manifestDesc.ArtifactType, MediaTypeUnknownArtifact)
	}
	if manifest.ArtifactType != MediaTypeUnknownArtifact {
		t.Fatalf("got artifact type = %s, want %s", manifest.ArtifactType, MediaTypeUnknownArtifact)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_Artifact_InvalidDateTimeFormat(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackOptions{
		ManifestAnnotations: map[string]string{
			spec.AnnotationArtifactCreated: "2000/01/01 00:00:00",
		},
	}
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	_, err := Pack(ctx, s, artifactType, nil, opts)
	if wantErr := ErrInvalidDateTimeFormat; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.Pack() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_ImageV1_1_RC2(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// prepare test content
	layers := []ocispec.Descriptor{
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("hello world")),
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("goodbye world")),
	}

	// test Pack
	ctx := context.Background()
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, artifactType, layers, PackOptions{PackImageManifest: true})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest ocispec.Manifest
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify media type
	got := manifest.MediaType
	if got != ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest {
		t.Fatalf("got media type = %s, want %s", got, ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest)
	}

	// verify config
	expectedConfigBytes := []byte("{}")
	expectedConfig := ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType: artifactType,
		Digest:    digest.FromBytes(expectedConfigBytes),
		Size:      int64(len(expectedConfigBytes)),
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Config, expectedConfig) {
		t.Errorf("got config = %v, want %v", manifest.Config, expectedConfig)
	}

	// verify layers
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Layers, layers) {
		t.Errorf("got layers = %v, want %v", manifest.Layers, layers)
	}

	// verify created time annotation
	createdTime, ok := manifest.Annotations[ocispec.AnnotationCreated]
	if !ok {
		t.Errorf("Annotation %s = %v, want %v", ocispec.AnnotationCreated, ok, true)
	}
	_, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, createdTime)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("error parsing created time: %s, error = %v", createdTime, err)
	}

	// verify descriptor annotations
	if want := manifest.Annotations; !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc.Annotations, want) {
		t.Errorf("got descriptor annotations = %v, want %v", manifestDesc.Annotations, want)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_ImageV1_1_RC2_WithOptions(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// prepare test content
	layers := []ocispec.Descriptor{
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("hello world")),
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("goodbye world")),
	}
	configBytes := []byte("{}")
	configDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("application/vnd.test.config", configBytes)
	configAnnotations := map[string]string{"foo": "bar"}
	annotations := map[string]string{
		ocispec.AnnotationCreated: "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z",
		"foo":                     "bar",
	}
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	subjectManifest := []byte(`{"layers":[]}`)
	subjectDesc := ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType: ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Digest:    digest.FromBytes(subjectManifest),
		Size:      int64(len(subjectManifest)),
	}

	// test Pack with ConfigDescriptor
	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackOptions{
		PackImageManifest:   true,
		Subject:             &subjectDesc,
		ConfigDescriptor:    &configDesc,
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
	}
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, artifactType, layers, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	expectedManifest := ocispec.Manifest{
		Versioned: specs.Versioned{
			SchemaVersion: 2, // historical value. does not pertain to OCI or docker version
		},
		MediaType:   ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Subject:     &subjectDesc,
		Config:      configDesc,
		Layers:      layers,
		Annotations: annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err := json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err := io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", string(got), string(expectedManifestBytes))
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.Config.MediaType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("Pack() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}

	// test Pack without ConfigDescriptor
	opts = PackOptions{
		PackImageManifest:   true,
		Subject:             &subjectDesc,
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
	}
	manifestDesc, err = Pack(ctx, s, artifactType, layers, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	expectedConfigDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(artifactType, configBytes)
	expectedConfigDesc.Annotations = configAnnotations
	expectedManifest = ocispec.Manifest{
		Versioned: specs.Versioned{
			SchemaVersion: 2, // historical value. does not pertain to OCI or docker version
		},
		MediaType:   ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Subject:     &subjectDesc,
		Config:      expectedConfigDesc,
		Layers:      layers,
		Annotations: annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err = json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	rc, err = s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err = io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", string(got), string(expectedManifestBytes))
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc = content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.Config.MediaType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("Pack() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_ImageV1_1_RC2_NoArtifactType(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, "", nil, PackOptions{PackImageManifest: true})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest ocispec.Manifest
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify artifact type and config media type
	if manifestDesc.ArtifactType != MediaTypeUnknownConfig {
		t.Fatalf("got artifact type = %s, want %s", manifestDesc.ArtifactType, MediaTypeUnknownConfig)
	}
	if manifest.Config.MediaType != MediaTypeUnknownConfig {
		t.Fatalf("got artifact type = %s, want %s", manifest.Config.MediaType, MediaTypeUnknownConfig)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_ImageV1_1_RC2_NoLayer(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// test Pack
	ctx := context.Background()
	manifestDesc, err := Pack(ctx, s, "", nil, PackOptions{PackImageManifest: true})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.Pack() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest ocispec.Manifest
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify layers
	expectedLayers := []ocispec.Descriptor{}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Layers, expectedLayers) {
		t.Errorf("got layers = %v, want %v", manifest.Layers, expectedLayers)
	}
}

func Test_Pack_ImageV1_1_RC2_InvalidDateTimeFormat(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackOptions{
		PackImageManifest: true,
		ManifestAnnotations: map[string]string{
			ocispec.AnnotationCreated: "2000/01/01 00:00:00",
		},
	}
	_, err := Pack(ctx, s, "", nil, opts)
	if wantErr := ErrInvalidDateTimeFormat; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.Pack() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_0(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// test Pack
	ctx := context.Background()
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	manifestDesc, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, artifactType, PackManifestOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest ocispec.Manifest
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify media type
	got := manifest.MediaType
	if got != ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest {
		t.Fatalf("got media type = %s, want %s", got, ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest)
	}

	// verify config
	expectedConfigBytes := []byte("{}")
	expectedConfig := ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType: artifactType,
		Digest:    digest.FromBytes(expectedConfigBytes),
		Size:      int64(len(expectedConfigBytes)),
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Config, expectedConfig) {
		t.Errorf("got config = %v, want %v", manifest.Config, expectedConfig)
	}

	// verify layers
	expectedLayers := []ocispec.Descriptor{}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Layers, expectedLayers) {
		t.Errorf("got layers = %v, want %v", manifest.Layers, expectedLayers)
	}

	// verify created time annotation
	createdTime, ok := manifest.Annotations[ocispec.AnnotationCreated]
	if !ok {
		t.Errorf("Annotation %s = %v, want %v", ocispec.AnnotationCreated, ok, true)
	}
	_, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, createdTime)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("error parsing created time: %s, error = %v", createdTime, err)
	}

	// verify descriptor annotations
	if want := manifest.Annotations; !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc.Annotations, want) {
		t.Errorf("got descriptor annotations = %v, want %v", manifestDesc.Annotations, want)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_0_WithOptions(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// prepare test content
	layers := []ocispec.Descriptor{
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("hello world")),
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("goodbye world")),
	}
	configBytes := []byte("{}")
	configDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("application/vnd.test.config", configBytes)
	configAnnotations := map[string]string{"foo": "bar"}
	annotations := map[string]string{
		ocispec.AnnotationCreated: "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z",
		"foo":                     "bar",
	}
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"

	// test PackManifest with ConfigDescriptor
	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		Layers:              layers,
		ConfigDescriptor:    &configDesc,
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
	}
	manifestDesc, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, artifactType, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	expectedManifest := ocispec.Manifest{
		Versioned: specs.Versioned{
			SchemaVersion: 2, // historical value. does not pertain to OCI or docker version
		},
		MediaType:   ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Config:      configDesc,
		Layers:      layers,
		Annotations: annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err := json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err := io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", string(got), string(expectedManifestBytes))
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.Config.MediaType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("Pack() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}

	// test PackManifest without ConfigDescriptor
	opts = PackManifestOptions{
		Layers:              layers,
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
	}
	manifestDesc, err = PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, artifactType, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	expectedConfigDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(artifactType, configBytes)
	expectedConfigDesc.Annotations = configAnnotations
	expectedManifest = ocispec.Manifest{
		Versioned: specs.Versioned{
			SchemaVersion: 2, // historical value. does not pertain to OCI or docker version
		},
		MediaType:   ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Config:      expectedConfigDesc,
		Layers:      layers,
		Annotations: annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err = json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	rc, err = s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err = io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", string(got), string(expectedManifestBytes))
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc = content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.Config.MediaType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("PackManifest() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_0_SubjectUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// prepare test content
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	subjectManifest := []byte(`{"layers":[]}`)
	subjectDesc := ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType: ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Digest:    digest.FromBytes(subjectManifest),
		Size:      int64(len(subjectManifest)),
	}

	// test Pack with ConfigDescriptor
	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		Subject: &subjectDesc,
	}
	_, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, artifactType, opts)
	if wantErr := errdef.ErrUnsupported; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_0_NoArtifactType(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	manifestDesc, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, "", PackManifestOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest ocispec.Manifest
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify artifact type and config media type
	if manifestDesc.ArtifactType != MediaTypeUnknownConfig {
		t.Fatalf("got artifact type = %s, want %s", manifestDesc.ArtifactType, MediaTypeUnknownConfig)
	}
	if manifest.Config.MediaType != MediaTypeUnknownConfig {
		t.Fatalf("got artifact type = %s, want %s", manifest.Config.MediaType, MediaTypeUnknownConfig)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_0_InvalidMediaType(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	// test invalid artifact type + valid config media type
	artifactType := "random"
	configBytes := []byte("{}")
	configDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("application/vnd.test.config", configBytes)
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		ConfigDescriptor: &configDesc,
	}
	_, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, artifactType, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	// test invalid config media type + valid artifact type
	artifactType = "application/vnd.test"
	configDesc = content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("random", configBytes)
	opts = PackManifestOptions{
		ConfigDescriptor: &configDesc,
	}
	_, err = PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, artifactType, opts)
	if wantErr := errdef.ErrInvalidMediaType; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_0_InvalidDateTimeFormat(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		ManifestAnnotations: map[string]string{
			ocispec.AnnotationCreated: "2000/01/01 00:00:00",
		},
	}
	_, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_0, "", opts)
	if wantErr := ErrInvalidDateTimeFormat; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_1(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// test PackManifest
	ctx := context.Background()
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	manifestDesc, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, artifactType, PackManifestOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	var manifest ocispec.Manifest
	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("error decoding manifest, error =", err)
	}
	if err := rc.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}

	// verify layers
	expectedLayers := []ocispec.Descriptor{ocispec.DescriptorEmptyJSON}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifest.Layers, expectedLayers) {
		t.Errorf("got layers = %v, want %v", manifest.Layers, expectedLayers)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_1_WithOptions(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	// prepare test content
	layers := []ocispec.Descriptor{
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("hello world")),
		content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("test", []byte("goodbye world")),
	}
	configBytes := []byte("config")
	configDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("application/vnd.test.config", configBytes)
	configAnnotations := map[string]string{"foo": "bar"}
	annotations := map[string]string{
		ocispec.AnnotationCreated: "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z",
		"foo":                     "bar",
	}
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	subjectManifest := []byte(`{"layers":[]}`)
	subjectDesc := ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType: ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Digest:    digest.FromBytes(subjectManifest),
		Size:      int64(len(subjectManifest)),
	}

	// test PackManifest with ConfigDescriptor
	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		Subject:             &subjectDesc,
		Layers:              layers,
		ConfigDescriptor:    &configDesc,
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
	}
	manifestDesc, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, artifactType, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	expectedManifest := ocispec.Manifest{
		Versioned: specs.Versioned{
			SchemaVersion: 2, // historical value. does not pertain to OCI or docker version
		},
		MediaType:    ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		ArtifactType: artifactType,
		Subject:      &subjectDesc,
		Config:       configDesc,
		Layers:       layers,
		Annotations:  annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err := json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	rc, err := s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err := io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", string(got), string(expectedManifestBytes))
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.ArtifactType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("PackManifest() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}

	// test PackManifest with ConfigDescriptor, but without artifactType
	opts = PackManifestOptions{
		Subject:             &subjectDesc,
		Layers:              layers,
		ConfigDescriptor:    &configDesc,
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
	}
	manifestDesc, err = PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, "", opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	expectedManifest = ocispec.Manifest{
		Versioned: specs.Versioned{
			SchemaVersion: 2, // historical value. does not pertain to OCI or docker version
		},
		MediaType:   ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		Subject:     &subjectDesc,
		Config:      configDesc,
		Layers:      layers,
		Annotations: annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err = json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	rc, err = s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err = io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", string(got), string(expectedManifestBytes))
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc = content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.ArtifactType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("PackManifest() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}

	// test Pack without ConfigDescriptor
	opts = PackManifestOptions{
		Subject:             &subjectDesc,
		Layers:              layers,
		ConfigAnnotations:   configAnnotations,
		ManifestAnnotations: annotations,
	}
	manifestDesc, err = PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, artifactType, opts)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Oras.PackManifest() error =", err)
	}

	expectedConfigDesc := ocispec.DescriptorEmptyJSON
	expectedConfigDesc.Annotations = configAnnotations
	expectedManifest = ocispec.Manifest{
		Versioned: specs.Versioned{
			SchemaVersion: 2, // historical value. does not pertain to OCI or docker version
		},
		MediaType:    ocispec.MediaTypeImageManifest,
		ArtifactType: artifactType,
		Subject:      &subjectDesc,
		Config:       expectedConfigDesc,
		Layers:       layers,
		Annotations:  annotations,
	}
	expectedManifestBytes, err = json.Marshal(expectedManifest)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to marshal manifest:", err)
	}

	rc, err = s.Fetch(ctx, manifestDesc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch() error =", err)
	}
	got, err = io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Store.Fetch().Read() error =", err)
	}
	err = rc.Close()
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Store.Fetch().Close() error =", err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(got, expectedManifestBytes) {
		t.Errorf("Store.Fetch() = %v, want %v", string(got), string(expectedManifestBytes))
	}

	// verify descriptor
	expectedManifestDesc = content.NewDescriptorFromBytes(expectedManifest.MediaType, expectedManifestBytes)
	expectedManifestDesc.ArtifactType = expectedManifest.ArtifactType
	expectedManifestDesc.Annotations = expectedManifest.Annotations
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc) {
		t.Errorf("PackManifest() = %v, want %v", manifestDesc, expectedManifestDesc)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_1_NoArtifactType(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	// test no artifact type and no config
	_, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, "", PackManifestOptions{})
	if wantErr := ErrMissingArtifactType; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}

	// test no artifact type and config with empty media type
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		ConfigDescriptor: &ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: ocispec.DescriptorEmptyJSON.MediaType,
		},
	}
	_, err = PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, "", opts)
	if wantErr := ErrMissingArtifactType; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_1_InvalidMediaType(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	// test invalid artifact type + valid config media type
	artifactType := "random"
	configBytes := []byte("{}")
	configDesc := content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("application/vnd.test.config", configBytes)
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		ConfigDescriptor: &configDesc,
	}
	_, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, artifactType, opts)
	if wantErr := errdef.ErrInvalidMediaType; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}

	// test invalid config media type + invalid artifact type
	artifactType = "application/vnd.test"
	configDesc = content.NewDescriptorFromBytes("random", configBytes)
	opts = PackManifestOptions{
		ConfigDescriptor: &configDesc,
	}
	_, err = PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, artifactType, opts)
	if wantErr := errdef.ErrInvalidMediaType; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_ImageV1_1_InvalidDateTimeFormat(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	opts := PackManifestOptions{
		ManifestAnnotations: map[string]string{
			ocispec.AnnotationCreated: "2000/01/01 00:00:00",
		},
	}
	artifactType := "application/vnd.test"
	_, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, PackManifestVersion1_1, artifactType, opts)
	if wantErr := ErrInvalidDateTimeFormat; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_PackManifest_UnsupportedPackManifestVersion(t *testing.T) {
	s := memory.New()

	ctx := context.Background()
	_, err := PackManifest(ctx, s, -1, "", PackManifestOptions{})
	if wantErr := errdef.ErrUnsupported; !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
		t.Errorf("Oras.PackManifest() error = %v, wantErr = %v", err, wantErr)
	}
}

func Test_validateMediaType(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name      string
		mediaType string
		wantErr   bool
	}{
		{
			name:      "valid media type - common",
			mediaType: "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
			wantErr:   false,
		},
		{
			name:      "valid media type - without +",
			mediaType: "text/plain",
			wantErr:   false,
		},
		{
			name:      "valid media type - json+ld",
			mediaType: "application/json+ld",
			wantErr:   false,
		},
		{
			name:      "valid media type - with dot",
			mediaType: "application/x.foo",
			wantErr:   false,
		},
		{
			name:      "valid media type - with dash",
			mediaType: "application/x-foo",
			wantErr:   false,
		},
		{
			name:      "valid media type - with caret",
			mediaType: "application/vnd.foo^bar",
			wantErr:   false,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - empty string",
			mediaType: "",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - missing subtype",
			mediaType: "application/",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - missing type",
			mediaType: "/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - no slash",
			mediaType: "applicationvnd.oci.image.manifest.v1",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - multiple slashes",
			mediaType: "application/something/v1",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - type starts with non-alphanumeric",
			mediaType: "-application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - subtype starts with non-alphanumeric",
			mediaType: "application/-vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - invalid char in type",
			mediaType: "application%/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - invalid char in subtype",
			mediaType: "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1%json",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
		{
			name:      "invalid media type - contains space",
			mediaType: "application/vnd oci",
			wantErr:   true,
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			err := validateMediaType(tt.mediaType)
			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
				t.Errorf("validateMediaType(%q) error = %v, wantErr %v", tt.mediaType, err, tt.wantErr)
				return
			}
			if tt.wantErr && !errors.Is(err, errdef.ErrInvalidMediaType) {
				t.Errorf("validateMediaType(%q) error not wrapping errdef.ErrInvalidMediaType: %v", tt.mediaType, err)
			}
		})
	}
}