/*
Copyright The ORAS Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package syncutil

import "sync"

// mergeStatus represents the merge status of an item.
type mergeStatus struct {
	// main indicates if items are being merged by the current go-routine.
	main bool
	// err represents the error of the merge operation.
	err error
}

// Merge represents merge operations on items.
// The state transfer is shown as below:
//
//	           +----------+
//	           |  Start   +--------+-------------+
//	           +----+-----+        |             |
//	                |              |             |
//	                v              v             v
//	           +----+-----+   +----+----+   +----+----+
//	   +-------+ Prepare  +<--+ Pending +-->+ Waiting |
//	   |       +----+-----+   +---------+   +----+----+
//	   |            |                            |
//	   |            v                            |
//	   |       + ---+---- +                      |
//	On Error   | Resolve  |                      |
//	   |       + ---+---- +                      |
//	   |            |                            |
//	   |            v                            |
//	   |       +----+-----+                      |
//	   +------>+ Complete +<---------------------+
//	           +----+-----+
//	                |
//	                v
//	           +----+-----+
//	           |   End    |
//	           +----------+
type Merge[T any] struct {
	lock          sync.Mutex
	committed     bool
	items         []T
	status        chan mergeStatus
	pending       []T
	pendingStatus chan mergeStatus
}

// Do merges concurrent operations of items into a single call of prepare and
// resolve.
// If Do is called multiple times concurrently, only one of the calls will be
// selected to invoke prepare and resolve.
func (m *Merge[T]) Do(item T, prepare func() error, resolve func(items []T) error) error {
	status := <-m.assign(item)
	if status.main {
		err := prepare()
		items := m.commit()
		if err == nil {
			err = resolve(items)
		}
		m.complete(err)
		return err
	}
	return status.err
}

// assign adds a new item into the item list.
func (m *Merge[T]) assign(item T) <-chan mergeStatus {
	m.lock.Lock()
	defer m.lock.Unlock()

	if m.committed {
		if m.pendingStatus == nil {
			m.pendingStatus = make(chan mergeStatus, 1)
		}
		m.pending = append(m.pending, item)
		return m.pendingStatus
	}

	if m.status == nil {
		m.status = make(chan mergeStatus, 1)
		m.status <- mergeStatus{main: true}
	}
	m.items = append(m.items, item)
	return m.status
}

// commit closes the assignment window, and the assigned items will be ready
// for resolve.
func (m *Merge[T]) commit() []T {
	m.lock.Lock()
	defer m.lock.Unlock()

	m.committed = true
	return m.items
}

// complete completes the previous merge, and moves the pending items to the
// stage for the next merge.
func (m *Merge[T]) complete(err error) {
	// notify results
	if err == nil {
		close(m.status)
	} else {
		remaining := len(m.items) - 1
		status := m.status
		for remaining > 0 {
			status <- mergeStatus{err: err}
			remaining--
		}
	}

	// move pending items to the stage
	m.lock.Lock()
	defer m.lock.Unlock()

	m.committed = false
	m.items = m.pending
	m.status = m.pendingStatus
	m.pending = nil
	m.pendingStatus = nil

	if m.status != nil {
		m.status <- mergeStatus{main: true}
	}
}