// Copyright 2019 The Go Cloud Development Kit Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Package httpvar provides a runtimevar implementation with variables
// backed by http endpoint. Use OpenVariable to construct a *runtimevar.Variable.
//
// # URLs
//
// For runtimevar.OpenVariable, httpvar registers for the schemes "http" and
// "https". The default URL opener will use http.DefaultClient.
// To use HTTP Basic Auth for the requests, set the environment variables
// "HTTPVAR_AUTH_USERNAME" and "HTTPVAR_AUTH_PASSWORD".
// To customize the URL opener, or for more details on the URL format,
// see URLOpener.
// See https://gocloud.dev/concepts/urls/ for background information.
//
// # As
//
// httpvar exposes the following types for As:
//   - Snapshot: *http.Response
//   - Error: httpvar.RequestError, url.Error (use pointers to those for errors.As)
package httpvar // import "gocloud.dev/runtimevar/httpvar"

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"time"

	"gocloud.dev/gcerrors"
	"gocloud.dev/internal/gcerr"
	"gocloud.dev/runtimevar"
	"gocloud.dev/runtimevar/driver"
)

func init() {
	o := &URLOpener{Client: http.DefaultClient}
	for _, scheme := range Schemes {
		runtimevar.DefaultURLMux().RegisterVariable(scheme, o)
	}
}

// Schemes are the URL schemes httpvar registers its URLOpener under on runtimevar.DefaultMux.
var Schemes = []string{"http", "https"}

// URLOpener opens HTTP URLs like "http://myserver.com/foo.txt".
//
// The full URL, including scheme, is used as the endpoint, except that the
// the following URL parameters are removed if present:
//   - decoder: The decoder to use. Defaults to runtimevar.BytesDecoder.
//     See runtimevar.DecoderByName for supported values.
//   - wait: The poll interval, in time.ParseDuration formats.
//     Defaults to 30s.
type URLOpener struct {
	// The Client to use; required.
	Client *http.Client

	// Decoder specifies the decoder to use if one is not specified in the URL.
	// Defaults to runtimevar.BytesDecoder.
	Decoder *runtimevar.Decoder

	// Options specifies the options to pass to OpenVariable.
	Options Options
}

// OpenVariableURL opens a httpvar Variable for u.
func (o *URLOpener) OpenVariableURL(ctx context.Context, u *url.URL) (*runtimevar.Variable, error) {
	// Clone u because we may strip some query parameters.
	u2 := *u
	q := u2.Query()

	decoderName := q.Get("decoder")
	q.Del("decoder")
	decoder, err := runtimevar.DecoderByName(ctx, decoderName, o.Decoder)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open variable %v: invalid decoder: %v", u, err)
	}
	opts := o.Options
	if s := q.Get("wait"); s != "" {
		q.Del("wait")
		d, err := time.ParseDuration(s)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("open variable %v: invalid wait %q: %v", u, s, err)
		}
		opts.WaitDuration = d
	}
	// See if we changed the query parameters.
	if rawq := q.Encode(); rawq != u.Query().Encode() {
		u2.RawQuery = rawq
	}
	return OpenVariable(o.Client, u2.String(), decoder, &opts)
}

// Options sets options.
type Options struct {
	// WaitDuration controls the rate at which the HTTP endpoint is called to check for changes.
	// Defaults to 30 seconds.
	WaitDuration time.Duration
}

// RequestError represents an HTTP error that occurred during endpoint call.
type RequestError struct {
	Response *http.Response
}

func (e *RequestError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("httpvar: received status code %d", e.Response.StatusCode)
}

func newRequestError(response *http.Response) *RequestError {
	return &RequestError{Response: response}
}

// OpenVariable constructs a *runtimevar.Variable that uses client
// to retrieve the variable contents from the URL urlStr.
func OpenVariable(client *http.Client, urlStr string, decoder *runtimevar.Decoder, opts *Options) (*runtimevar.Variable, error) {
	endpointURL, err := url.Parse(urlStr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("httpvar: failed to parse url %q: %v", urlStr, err)
	}

	return runtimevar.New(newWatcher(client, endpointURL, decoder, opts)), nil
}

type state struct {
	val        any
	raw        *http.Response
	rawBytes   []byte
	updateTime time.Time
	err        error
}

// Value implements driver.State.Value.
func (s *state) Value() (any, error) {
	return s.val, s.err
}

// UpdateTime implements driver.State.UpdateTime.
func (s *state) UpdateTime() time.Time {
	return s.updateTime
}

// As implements driver.State.As.
func (s *state) As(i any) bool {
	if s.raw == nil {
		return false
	}
	p, ok := i.(**http.Response)
	if !ok {
		return false
	}
	*p = s.raw
	return true
}

// errorState returns a new State with err, unless prevS also represents
// the same error, in which case it returns nil.
func errorState(err error, prevS driver.State) driver.State {
	s := &state{err: err}
	if prevS == nil {
		return s
	}
	prev := prevS.(*state)
	if prev.err == nil {
		// New error.
		return s
	}
	if equivalentError(err, prev.err) {
		// Same error, return nil to indicate no change.
		return nil
	}
	return s
}

// equivalentError returns true if err1 and err2 represent an equivalent error;
// i.e., we don't want to return it to the user as a different error.
func equivalentError(err1, err2 error) bool {
	if err1 == err2 || err1.Error() == err2.Error() {
		return true
	}
	var code1, code2 int
	if e, ok := err1.(*RequestError); ok {
		code1 = e.Response.StatusCode
	}
	if e, ok := err2.(*RequestError); ok {
		code2 = e.Response.StatusCode
	}
	return code1 != 0 && code1 == code2
}

// watcher implements driver.Watcher for configurations provided by the Runtime Configurator
// service.
type watcher struct {
	client   *http.Client
	endpoint *url.URL
	decoder  *runtimevar.Decoder
	wait     time.Duration
}

// WatchVariable implements driver.WatchVariable.
func (w *watcher) WatchVariable(ctx context.Context, prev driver.State) (driver.State, time.Duration) {
	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, w.endpoint.String(), nil)
	if err != nil {
		return errorState(err, prev), w.wait
	}
	authUsername := os.Getenv("HTTPVAR_AUTH_USERNAME")
	authPassword := os.Getenv("HTTPVAR_AUTH_PASSWORD")
	if authUsername != "" && authPassword != "" {
		req.SetBasicAuth(authUsername, authPassword)
	}
	resp, err := w.client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return errorState(err, prev), w.wait
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		err := newRequestError(resp)
		return errorState(err, prev), w.wait
	}

	respBodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return errorState(err, prev), w.wait
	}

	// When endpoint returns the same response again, we return nil as state to not trigger variable update.
	if prev != nil && bytes.Equal(respBodyBytes, prev.(*state).rawBytes) {
		return nil, w.wait
	}

	val, err := w.decoder.Decode(ctx, respBodyBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return errorState(err, prev), w.wait
	}

	return &state{
		val:        val,
		raw:        resp,
		rawBytes:   respBodyBytes,
		updateTime: time.Now(),
	}, w.wait
}

// Close implements driver.Close.
func (w *watcher) Close() error {
	return nil
}

// ErrorAs implements driver.ErrorAs.
func (w *watcher) ErrorAs(err error, i any) bool {
	switch v := err.(type) {
	case *url.Error:
		if p, ok := i.(*url.Error); ok {
			*p = *v
			return true
		}
	case *RequestError:
		if p, ok := i.(*RequestError); ok {
			*p = *v
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// ErrorCode implements driver.ErrorCode.
func (*watcher) ErrorCode(err error) gcerrors.ErrorCode {
	if requestErr, ok := err.(*RequestError); ok {
		switch requestErr.Response.StatusCode {
		case http.StatusBadRequest:
			return gcerr.InvalidArgument
		case http.StatusNotFound:
			return gcerr.NotFound
		case http.StatusUnauthorized:
			return gcerr.PermissionDenied
		case http.StatusGatewayTimeout, http.StatusRequestTimeout:
			return gcerr.DeadlineExceeded
		case http.StatusInternalServerError, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, http.StatusBadGateway:
			return gcerr.Internal
		}
	}
	return gcerr.Unknown
}

func newWatcher(client *http.Client, endpoint *url.URL, decoder *runtimevar.Decoder, opts *Options) driver.Watcher {
	if opts == nil {
		opts = &Options{}
	}
	return &watcher{
		client:   client,
		endpoint: endpoint,
		decoder:  decoder,
		wait:     driver.WaitDuration(opts.WaitDuration),
	}
}